Historians are still debating whether the bank failures of the 1930s caused the Great Depression, or whether the Great Depression caused the bank failures. What is certain is that by 1933, 11,000 of the nation’s 25,000 banks failed and closed their doors, leaving many depositors high and dry.
When the public began to learn of the stock market crash of 1929, they began lining up at the teller window to withdraw their money. With no money to lend, and outstanding loans going into default, the banks just couldn’t survive.